Fuses are put in place to protect the wire. If a wire gauge is setup to pass 10A, then it can pass 10A all day long and there should be no issues.
A 10A wire can have a 40A fuse put on it and now if the demands are 40A, the fuse will not blow BUT the wire will have issues trying to pass this amount of current.
To get an idea of how things should be done is off of the battery positive post you have let's say a large 4 gauge wire that goes down to the starter. This wire is designed to handle 200A so I would put a 200A fuse on that cable as close as I could to the battery positive post. Now if a short were to occur on this wire past the fuse, the fuse would blow and no damage to the wire would occur.
If now we added a 10 gauge wire to the starter that this terminal shares with the 200A fused cable from the battery, we need to install a 40A fuse on the 10 gauge wire as close as I can to the starter. Now if a short occurs on this 10 gauge wire past the 40A fuse, the fuse would blow BUT if we did not have this 40A fuse, then the short would be trying to blow the 200A fuse and since the 10 gauge wire was not designed to handle 200A, the wire will be damaged. Now on a direct short you may not have issues like this but if the 10A wire were to become overloaded and asked to pass 150A, then it will have issues and the wire and its insulation becoming damaged.
If on your setup you were to run an 8 gauge wire from the battery on the passenger side over to a junction stud on the drivers side, I would put on a 60A fuse on the 8 gauge by the battery.
Now if I were to run additional wires off of this junction stud and the wires were smaller than an 8 gauge, each wire would need to proper sized fuse on it at the junction stud. If I put on a 12 gauge wire, then maybe run a 20A fuse on it and if I added an 18 gauge wire, then put in a 10A fuse.
I came across his video a while back and maybe this can shed some light on fuses and wire gauge.
Jim